In this eBook lies a wealth of information that will enable everyone from the newcomer to the 'old hand' to understand bunker fuels and what they contain, how to test each key parameter and what the test results actually mean, and what happens when problem results appear.
Although never a substitute for the huge amount of detail that can be obtained from a professional analyst using a fully-equipped modern laboratory, this book certainly provides a substantial amount of information that should be welcomed and absorbed by anyone involved in any way with marine fuels.
In An Introduction to Fuel Analysis, Nigel Draffin offers numerous detailed diagrams, tables, charts and photographs which will certainly help anyone who has any doubts about what can be found in marine fuels and, once found, what to do about it.
In addition, some very useful appendices provide places to go for help, lists of abbreviations and a multi-lingual glossary of the words and terms most often found in fuel test analysis reports
DOWNLOAD NOTE
For more information, click http://www.seamanship.eu/files/pdf/eBook_FAQ.pdf" target="_blank" > Here for Frequently Asked Questions about our eBooks
Foreword
Preface
About the author
Acknowledgements
List of tables and figures
Chapter 1 - Fuel analysis
Selecting and verifying quality
Units
Standard prefixes for the SI units of measure
Examples
Other abbreviations
Chapter 2 - Fuel specifications
Current standards
ISO 8217
CIMAC 2003
ASTM
JIS
NATO
Buyer’s specifications
Legislation requirements on specifications
IMO requirements
Chapter 3 - Parameters
Density
Viscosity
Carbon residue
Sediment
Compatibility
Ash
Pour point
Flash point
Cloud point
Cold filter plugging point
Cetane Index
Acid Number
Asphaltenes
Hydrogen Sulphide
Vanadium
Sodium
Water
Sulphur
Aluminium
Silicon
Iron
Nickel
Calcium
Magnesium
Lead
Zinc
Phosphorus
Potassium
Chapter 4 - Other reported items
CCAI / CII
FIA
Specific energy
Visual appearance
Injection temperatures
Copper strip corrosion
Distillation range
Microbiological contamination
Organic contaminants
Chapter 5 - Taking representative samples
Equipment
Methods
Spot sample
Composite sample
Drip sample
Flow proportional sample
Transportation
Receiving the results
Documentation
Breaking the seal
Chapter 6 - Test methods
Density (p)
Specific gravity (SG)
Viscosity (v)
Copper strip corrosion
Distillation range
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
Water (H2O)
Carbon residue / Carbon residue 10%
Asphaltenes
Sulphur (S)
Total Sediment Existent / Total Sediment Potential / Total Sediment Accelerated
Compatibility
Ash
Tests for metals
ICP Spectrometer
Aluminium plus Silicon (Al + Si)
Vanadium (V)
Sodium (Na)
Iron (Fe)
Nickel (Ni)
Calcium (Ca)
Zinc (Zn)
Phosphorus (P)
Magnesium (Mg)
Lead (Pb)
Potassium (K)
Pour point
Flash point
Cloud point
Cetane Index
Acid Number
Microbiological contamination
Organic contaminants
Equivalent tests
Test method date identifier
Sample volume and time for result
Chapter 7 - Interpretation of results
ISO 4259
True value
95% confidence level
95% confidence buyer’s formula example
95% confidence seller’s formula example
European Union procedure for control on Sulphur
MARPOL procedure
Fuel Oil Verification Procedure for MARPOL Annex VI Fuel Oil Samples
Chapter 8 - Problem results
Density
Injection viscosity
Water
Vanadium
Sodium
Sodium / Vanadium
Aluminium / Silicon
Carbon residue
Ash
Flash point
Pour point
Sulphur
Total Sediment Potential (TSP)
Cetane Index
Used Lubricating Oil
Microbiological contamination
Referee analysis
Witness
Challenge
Chapter 9 - Additional tests
FTIR
GC-MS
Fuel Ignition Analyser / Fuel Combustion Analyser
Turbiscan
Onboard tests
Proprietary tests
Viscosity
Density
Water content
Compatibility
Sulphur
Aluminium and Silicon
Emergency tests
Viscosity
Water
Sludge
Chapter 10 - The future
Appendix I - Where to go for help
Websites
Information and help
Technical Issues
Fuel specifications
Fuel sampling
Survey and analysis
Test methods
Publications
Appendix II - Abbreviations
Appendix III - Glossary
Index
| 