i SECTION 1 CREW SAFETY STANDARDS and TRAINING FOR LARGE LNG CARRIERS First Edition WSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd iWSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd i1/19/2009 5:44:20 PM1/19/2009 5:44:20 PM iii CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 1 1.2 Summary of Requirements, Interpretations, and Recommendations 1 1.2.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Interpretations and Recommendations ........................................................................................... 3 2. Applicable Rules, Standards and Guidelines 5 2.1.1 STCW Convention .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 SOLAS Convention (The ISM Code and the IGC Code) ................................................................ 5 2.1.3 Industry Guidelines and Customs of the Trade .............................................................................. 5 2.1.4 National Regulation ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 The STCW Convention 7 2.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Training Records ............................................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3 Certification ..................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 Experience ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.5 Induction Training ............................................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Safety Management Systems and the IGC Code 11 2.3.1 The Central Role of the SMS ........................................................................................................... 11 2.3.2 Important Areas for Special Training and Awareness ..................................................................... 12 2.3.3 Training Records ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.3.4 USCG Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Industry Guidelines and Customs of the Trade 17 2.4.1 The Cargo Engineer ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.2 Computer Based Training (C.B.T.) ................................................................................................. 17 2.4.3 On-going Training and Cargo Simulators ....................................................................................... 18 2.4.4 Ship Manoeuvring Characteristics .................................................................................................. 19 2.4.5 Reviewing Training Needs ............................................................................................................... 19 2.4.6 Training Issues in Shipyard Practice ............................................................................................... 19 2.4.7 Publications for Onboard Training .................................................................................................. 21 References 23 Appendices 25 Appendix 1 – Extracts from the STCW Convention and Code ................................................................. 27 Appendix 2 – Extracts from SOLAS Convention ..................................................................................... 33 Appendix 3 – Extracts from the ISM Code ............................................................................................... 34 Appendix 4 – Extracts from the IGC Code ............................................................................................... 35 Appendix 5 – Onboard Gas Familiarisation Training Programme ........................................................... 36 Appendix 6 – Example of Contents for the Cargo Operations Manual .................................................... 39 Appendix 7 – Example of Contents for the Machinery Manual ................................................................ 40 Appendix 8 – Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 41 WSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd iiiWSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd iii1/19/2009 5:44:21 PM1/19/2009 5:44:21 PM 11 SECTION 2 2.3.1 The Central Role of the SMS The ISM Code requires the shipowner, ship manager, or the bareboat charterer to structure a Safety Management System (SMS) meeting the requirements of the ISM Code. This should be documented, implemented, reviewed and maintained according to set procedures concerning the safety of the ship and the prevention of pollution. Safety management systems aim to foster a safety culture among employees. This can prove difficult where the turnover of crews is high or where management commitment is weak. The development and maintenance of a sound SMS is, therefore, dependent on a continual drive for improvement from shipping company and shipboard management teams alike. This focus should constantly encourage shipmasters on LNG carriers to be well acquainted with shore management people and practices. Managers of LNG Fleets should have access to resources of appropriate experience and expertise. The ISM Code mandates shipping companies to follow the principles of safe management and specifies training programmes. Section 6 of the ISM Code requires company procedures for: • manning by experienced, qualified, certificated and medically fit seafarers. • essential instruction for new personnel. • appropriate knowledge of rules by all seafarers. • identification of training needs for all personnel. The ISM Code also requires proper definition of the responsibilities, authorities and interrelation of all personnel who manage, perform and verify work relating to and affecting safety and pollution prevention. By defining the responsibilities of all officers and ratings, training needs are better gauged. A ship management company, surveyed under the terms of the ISM Code, will be issued with a Document of Compliance (DOC) and this should be displayed in its managerial headquarters. The SMS, as covered by the DOC, is company-wide while individual procedures applicable to each vessel or each ship-type are collected onboard for review and verification at another time and in accordance with internal and external auditing procedures. 2.3 SOLAS – Safety Management Systems (SMS) & the IGC Code A sample Document of Compliance If a fleet includes both oil tankers and LNG carriers, there will only be one SMS to cover all ships and a single DOC is issued by the surveying authority to show that proper safety management is in place. The DOC will show, however, the various ship-types covered within the company’s system. Subsequently, as each ship is audited for its Safety Management Certificate (SMC) auditors will require appropriate detail on cargo equipment, cargo matters and emergency procedures, for example, thus homing in on the particular ship and ship-type being reviewed. In multi-ship-type fleets, that include LNG carriers, the SMS should have sufficient scope to cater for all ship-types and should refer to other documents that are important to the safe carriage of cargo. WSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd 111WSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd 1111/19/2009 5:44:26 PM1/19/2009 5:44:26 PM 12 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Important Areas for Special Training and Awareness The LNG trades have some specific areas where safety and efficiency is crucial. This section covers some of these areas and highlights the training need. 2.3.2.1 The Port Environment It is essential that ship and shore cargo handling procedures be synchronised and compatible. Therefore, whenever an LNG carrier is programmed to a port which it has not visited before, a thorough review of port information and local regulations must be carried out. This should include updating of the operational and emergency response procedures for that port (and terminal) including revision of emergency contacts. These procedures should feature in training programmes, as appropriate to the crewmembers concerned. The ship’s safety management system should prescribe and establish these procedures. 2.3.2.2 The Ship Environment It is recommended that the master and the chief engineer in particular, have sufficient experience with their current company in order to be familiar with the company’s safety management system. Where practical, operational procedures should be established in writing, for cargo handling in each port, for each ship, and operations managed accordingly. Ship and terminal staff should jointly draft these procedures therefore ensuring a safe system of operation across the ship/shore interface. The ship’s safety management system should reference these procedures and officers’ training programmes should include this data. Ship-related documentation should include manufacturers manuals such as those issued by pump makers or level gauge suppliers. Equally important are management documents (for shipboard carriage) such as the shipowner- supplied or shipyard-supplied documents. The company’s safety management system, when addressing LNG carriers, should refer to a series The ship/shore safety checklist WSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd 112WSIL - 189 Crew Safety Standards and Training.indd 1121/19/2009 5:44:27 PM1/19/2009 5:44:27 PM