Guidelines on the ShipBoard Odourisation of LPG

September 2000

Guidelines on the ShipBoard Odourisation of LPG

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A reference for both operational and commercial staff, for the addition of odourants into unstenched LPG cargoes.

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This book of guidelines was produced after a number of incidents had been drawn to the attention of the SIGTTO secretariat. Each of these incidents involved potentially dangerous practices during the introduction, by ship's crew, of an odourant into unstenched LPG cargoes. These guidelines should be used as a reference, by both operational and commercial staff, in the LPG shipping and terminal industries. They are not intended as a design specification for odourant injection equipment. It has been recommended that these SIGTTO guidelines should be written into charter parties whenever shipboard odourisation is to take place.

Author: SIGTTO

Published: 2000

No Pages: 28

ISBN: 9781856092098

1. BACKGROUND

2. TYPES OF ODOURANT

3. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF ODOURANT

4. RISK MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY

5. DESIGN, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF 000URANT INJECTION

EQUIPMENT

6. TRAINING

7. GLOSSARY OF TERMS

APPENDIX 1 Chemical Data Sheets

APPENDIX 2 List of Training Organisations

APPENDIX 3 Incident Scenarios and Consequence Analyses

APPENDIX 4 Informative References

Title: Guidelines on the ShipBoard Odourisation of LPG
Number of Pages: 28
Product Code: 4400w028
ISBN: ISBN 13: 978-1-85609-209-8 (9781856092098), ISBN 10: 1-85609-209-7 (1856092097)
Published Date: September 2000
Binding Format: Paperback
Book Height: 300 mm
Book Width: 210 mm
Weight: 0.20 kg

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Guidelinesonthe Ship-BoardOdourisation ofLPG FirstPublishedin2000reprinted2008 ©SocietyofInternationalGasTankerandTerminalOperatorsLtd Printed&boundinGreatBritainbyBell&BainLtd.Glasgow Publishedby WitherbySeamanshipInternationalLtd. 4DunlopSquare,DeansEstate,Livingston, WestLothian,EH548SB Tel:+44(0)1506463227Fax:+44(0)1506468999 E-mail:info@emailws.comWebsite:www.witherbyseamanship.com ISBN1856092097 1stEdition2000 NoticeofTermsofUse Whiletheinformationgiveninthisguidehasbeendevelopedusingthebestadviceavailableatthetimeofpublication,itisintendedpurely asguidancetobeusedattheowner’srisk.NoresponsibilityisacceptedbytheSocietyofInternationalGasTankerandTerminalOperators Ltd,orbyanyperson,firm,corporationororganisationwhoorwhichhasbeeninanywayconcernedwiththefurnishingofinformationor data,thecompilation,publication,orauthorisedtranslation,supplyorsaleofthisguidefortheaccuracyofanyinformationoradvicegiven hereinorforanyomissionherefromorforanyconsequenceswhatsoeverresultingdirectlyorindirectlyfromthecompliancewithoradoption ofguidancecontainedhereinevenifcausedbyafailuretoexercisereasonablecare. TheSocietyofInternationalGasTankerandTerminalOperatorsisanon-profitmakingorganisationdedicatedto protectandpromotethemutualinterestsofitsmembersinmattersrelatedtothesafeandreliable operationofgastankersandterminalswithinasoundenvironment.TheSocietywasfoundedin1979andwasgrantedconsultativestatus atIMOinNovember1983.TheSocietyhasover100companiesinmembershipwhoownoroperateover95%oftheworld’sLNGtankers andterminalsandapproximately50%oftheworld’sLPGtankersandterminals. SIGTTO INTRODUCTION AnumberofincidentshavebeendrawntotheattentionoftheSIGTTOsecretariatinvolvingpotentially dangerouspracticesaboardship;wherebyships’crewswererequiredtointroducean“odourant”into “unstenched”LPGcargoes.ExamplesofcasesreportedbySIGTTOMembersincludethefollowing: In1987amemberoftheworkinggroupthatproducedtheseguidelineswasvisitingasmallpressurised LPGcarrierintheFarEast.Duringhisvisithehadtopersuadethechiefengineerofthevessel,cladonly inshorts,againstdecantingodourantfromadrumandinjectingitintothecargotankwithasemi-rotary pumpthroughaplastichose In1993,atasmallLPGterminalinNorthWestEurope,whichimportedfeedstockforabutane-airplant supplyingdomesticandindustrialconsumers,adrumofethylmercaptanodourantstartedtoleak.The utilitycompanywasinundatedwithreportsofgasleaks,totheextentthattheirinspectionteamscould notcope.Thisincidentwascomplicatedbythefactthatduringthisperiodahouseintheareasuffered agasleakthatresultedinanexplosion,luckilywithoutfatalities. In1997,aship-owningmemberoftheSocietywasaskedtocarryoutcargoodourisationononeofhis vessels,withethylmercaptanbeingsuppliedbythereceiver.Theodourantwassuppliedinstandard40 gallon(209litre)drumsandthedischargeportwasinthetropics.Withinashortperiodoftimethehigh ambienttemperaturecausedthedrumstobulgeduetothebuildupofinternalpressure.Onlyprompt actionbytheship’sstaff,inriggingawaterspraytocoolthedrums,preventedthemfromrupturing. In1998themasterofaLPGcarrier,timecharteredtoamajoroilcompany,wasaskedpermissionfor terminalstafftoboardthevesselandodourisethecargoduringdischarge.Aseniormanagerofthe companywasconcernedabouttheequipmentintendedforuseandvetoedtheoperation.Thecargo wasdischargedun-odourised. AsaresultoftheseandotherincidentsbeingdrawntotheattentionoftheSIGTTOsecretariat,afact- findingmeetingwasconvened;consistingofconcernedmembersoftheLPGshippingindustry.Their investigationsrevealedthatthepracticeofrequiringship’screwstoundertakeodourisationwaswide- spreadandfrequentlyundertakenwithlittleornounderstandingofthepotentialhazardstopersonnel andtheenvironment. Itshouldfurtherberecognisedthatthepracticeofshipboardodourisationoftenexposesthecargo ownersandreceiverstoconsiderablebusinessrisk. Thegroupconcludedthat:“Thereisagenerallackofrecognitionoftheimplicationsofcarryingout odourisation(stenching)withoutpropercontrolsandprocedures.Thisisparticularlytrueofcommercial personnelwithintheLPGindustry,whomayinadvertentlycommitshipscrewstoundertakeoperations forwhichtheyareneitherproperlytrained,norcorrectlyequippedtocarryout.” AsaresultofthesefindingstheSIGTTOGeneralPurposesCommitteeauthorisedtheformationofa WorkingGrouptoproduce“GuidelinesontheShip-BoardOdourisationofLPG.” Theyarenotintendedasadesignspecificationforodourantinjectionequipment.Itisthereforerecom- mendedthatadherencetotheseSIGTTOguidelinesbewrittenintocharterpartieswhenevershipboard odourisationtakesplace.Itisintendedthattheguidelinesbeusedasareference,bybothoperational andcommercialstaff,intheLPGshippingandterminalindustries. July2000iii SIGTTO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TheSIGTTOSecretariatwouldliketoacknowledgethepersonalassistancegivenbymembersofthe Societyandothers,throughouttheshipping,LPGandchemicalindustries,withoutwhomtheproduc- tionoftheseguidelineswouldnothavebeenaccomplished. RDIzatt–MarineConsultant–RoyIzatt@compuserve.com PhillipsSpecialityChemicals–www.Phillips66.com LEWAPumps–www.lewa.de SAFERRMP–www.rmpllc.com CWAConsultants–www.cwa.uk.com SGSRedwood–www.sgsgroup.com NIOSH–www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage WorldHealthOrganization–Geneva–InternationalProgrammeonChemicalSafety WarsashMaritimeCentre–PetrochemicalDept–www.solent.ac.uk/wmc DIPL-INGWilhelmSchmidt–Seeheim-Jugenheim July2000iv SIGTTO Contents PageNo. Introductioniii 1.BACKGROUND1 2.TYPESOFODOURANT3 3.TRANSPORTATIONANDSTORAGEOFODOURANT5 4.RISKMANAGEMENTANDSAFETY8 5.DESIGN,OPERATIONANDMAINTENANCEOFODOURANTINJECTIONEQUIPMENT11 6.TRAINING14 7.GLOSSARYOFTERMS15 APPENDIX1ChemicalDataSheets17 APPENDIX2ListofTrainingOrganisations21 APPENDIX3IncidentScenariosandConsequenceAnalyses23 APPENDIX4InformativeReferences27 July2000v SIGTTO July20008 SIGTTO 4.RISKMANAGEMENTANDSAFETY EthylMercaptanisnon-toxicatthelevelofuse,i.e.valuesintheorderof10ppm.However, spillageswhenhandlingtheconcentratedodourantcanproduceconcentrationsinairmany timeshigherthanthis. Humanvolunteersexposedto4ppmfor3hours/dayfor5-10dayssufferedperiodicnausea,irritationof mucousmembranesandfatigue.Anexposureto112ppmfor20minutesresultedinaloweredbreath- ingrateandolfactoryfatigue. PersonalRisk •theodourantmanufacturersmaterialsafetydatasheets(MSDS)mustbeavailableonboardthe vesselandadheredtoatalltimes. •allcommonodourantsareflammable. •odourantshavean“odourplatform”,wherebytheconcentrationinaircanincreasesignificantly withoutanynoticeableincreaseinsmell. •EthylMercaptanisparticularlyharmfulwheninmistform.Therefore,undernocircumstances shoulditbeinjectedbypressurisationunlessthesystemhasbeenspecificallydesignedforthis purpose.Seeaccidentscenario‘B’. •skinandeyecontactmustbeprevented.Glovesmaybebutylornitrilerubber,butconcentrated odourantwillbreak-throughthesematerialsin30minutes.“SilverShield”glovesarefarmore impervioustoodourantbutdonotallowgooddexterity.Itisrecommendedthatsplash-proof clothingisworn.EthylMercaptanhasanaffinityforwoolandcanneverberemovedfromwoollen clothing. •asthmaticsarelikelytobemoresusceptibletotheodour. •TheNIOSHPocketGuidetoChemicalHazardsrecommendsthatafullfacepieceairpurifying respirator,withanorganicvapourcartridge(gasmask)shouldbeworninconcentrationsupto25 ppmincludingforescapepurposes.Overthisleveltheyrecommendapositivepressureself- containedbreathingapparatus.BecauseoftherapiditywithwhichEMcanevaporate,particularly whenthetemperatureisover20ºC,itisessentialthatsuitablerespiratorsaremadeavailablewhen connectinganddisconnectingodourantinjectionequipmentandalsowhenpreparingthe equipmentformaintenance. Inpracticaltermstheabovefiguresareoflittleuse,asanattempttodeterminetheairborne concentrationbeforetakingactionintheeventofaspill,wouldbeaseriouswasteoftime. Thefirstactionshouldbetomobiliseateam,equippedwithbreathingapparatus,toneu- tralisethespillwithahypochloritesolution. However,portablegasmonitorssuitablefordetectingmercaptansarecommerciallyavailable. EnvironmentalRisk Allcommonodourantsfloatonwater,thusincreasingenvironmentalimpact,shouldwaterbeappliedto aspill,orifodourantsareallowedtoenterawatercourseorthesea. Donotapplywatertoanyspillagebutcontainandneutralise. BusinessRisk Spillageofevensmallamountsofodourantsmaycausepublicalarmandhaspotentialtocauseshut- downofterminalsandportareasetc.withassociatedadversepublicity. Overdosingmaywellcausecurrentorsubsequentcargoestobeoffspecification,duetocopperstrip testfailures. Mercaptansalonecancausefailureofthecoppercorrosiontestfromconcentrationsof100PPM.