SUPPLY SHIP OPERATIONS .........................................................................CHAPTER 1 - THE CONTEXT OF THE THIRD EDITION 9 .....................................................................................................................................................Introduction 9 ...........................................................................................................................................................Driving 13 .............................................................................................................................................Cargo Handling 15 ...........................................................................................................................................Anchor-Handling 17 .............................................................................................................................................Jack-up Moving 18 .................................................................................................................More Anchor-Handling Activities 19 ...........................................................................................................................................................Towing 20 ..................................................................................................................................................Emergencies 22 ...........................................................................................................................................Some Operations 24 .......................................................................................................................Some Accidents and Incidents 25 ............................................................................................................................The Management of Safety 26 ...........................................................................................................So That Was Jolly Exciting Wasn’t It? 27 ..................................................................................................CHAPTER 2 – OFFSHORE OPERATIONS 29 ...................................................................................................................................................Introduction 29 .................................................................................................................................................Seismic Ships 29 .....................................................................................................................Positioning an Exploration Rig 31 ....................................................................................................................................................Spudding In 32 .......................................................................................................................................Deploying the Riser 32 ......................................................................................................................................Drilling Fluid - Mud 34 ..............................................................................................................................................General Supply 35 ......................................................................................................................The Carriage of Drill Cuttings 36 ....................................................................................................................................................Well Testing 37 ......................................................................................................................................................Drill ships 38 ..................................................................................................Mooring Semi-submersibles in Deep Water 39 .........................................................................................................................................Diver Intervention 40 .......................................................................................................................Developing Offshore Oilfields 40 ...................................................................................................................FPSOs and Subsea Completions 42 ....................................................................................................................................................Pipe-laying 43 .....................................................................................................................................Brownfield Activities 44 ..........................................................................................................................Inspection and Maintenance 45 ......................................................................................................................................Supplying Platforms 45 .........................................................................................................................................De-commissioning 46 .....................................................................................................Emergency Response and Rescue Vessels 47 ..........................................................................................................................Complex Operating Systems 48 .................................................................................................................Sophisticated Control Techniques 49 ...................................................................................................................CHAPTER 3 - SHIP HANDLING 51 ...................................................................................................................................................Introduction 51 ................................................................................................................Driving the Ship Facing the Stern. 53 .......................................................................................................................................................Snatching 54 ................................................................................................................Positioning the Ship for Snatching 55 .......................................................................................................................Working with the Wind Astern 56 ............................................................................................................................................Holding Position 56 ...................................................................................................................................Working Head to Wind 56 .........................................................................................................................................Working Beam On 57 ...........................................................................................................................................Moving Sideways 58 .........................................................................................................................Use of Azimuthing Thrusters 59 .........................................................................................................................................Multiple Thrusters 60 ............................................................................................................Inward and Outward Turning Screws 61 .................................................................................................................Tying up to Offshore Installations 63 ....................................................................................................................Tying up by Running in Bow To 64 ...................................................................................................................Tying up by Running in Stern To 66 ...................................................................................................................Rig and Platform Mooring Lines 67 ...............................................................................................................................Berthing and Unberthing 68 .................................................................................................................Berthing Alongside Other Vessels 68 ..............................................................................................................................High Speed Manoeuvring 69 ....................................................................................................................................................Heavy Lifts 69 ......................................................................................................................The Joystick and its Operation 70 ............................................................................................................................Enhanced Joystick Systems 72 ..........................................................................................................................Podded Propulsion Systems 72 ...........................................................................................................................Voith Schneider Propulsion 74 .....................................................................................................................................Dynamic Positioning 74 ............................................................................................................................Training in Ship-Handling 75 ................................................................................................CHAPTER 4 - THE CARRIAGE OF CARGO 77 ...................................................................................................................................................Introduction 77 ....................................................................................................................................................Deck Cargo 78 ...........................................................................................................................Manifests and Cargo Plans 79 .....................................................................................................................................Carriage of Tubulars 80 ..................................................................................................................................Special Considerations 82 .......................................................................................................................................Securing the Cargo. 84 .......................................................................................................................................Offshore Discharge. 84 .................................................................................................................................................Bulk Cargoes 88 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 4 ...........................................................................................................................Carriage of Oil Based Mud 89 .....................................................................................................................Bulk Cargo Discharge Systems 91 ..............................................................................................Safe Loading and Discharge of Bulk Cargoes 94 ..........................................................................................................................Mud Tank Cleaning Systems 94 ..........................................................................................................................................................Stability 96 ................................................................................................................................................Stability Tanks 98 .............................................................................................................................Care of Cargo on Passage 98 .........................................................................................................................Flexible Bulk Cargo Systems 99 ....................................................................................CHAPTER 5 – MOVING SEMI-SUBMERSIBLES 101 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 101 ..........................................................................................................................................................Basics 102 ....................................................................................................................................................On the Rig 102 ...................................................................................................................A Mooring and its Connections 103 .......................................................................................................................................Ship Requirements 105 .................................................................................................................................................Preparation 108 ....................................................................................The Approach Using a Permanent Chasing System 109 .........................................................................................Running an Anchor Using a Permanent Chaser 110 ....................................................................................Recovering an Anchor Using a Permanent Chaser 112 ...................................................................................Approaching a New Location with Buoyed Anchors 114 ..........................................................................................................................Running a Buoyed Anchor 114 ......................................................................................................................Recovering a Buoyed Anchor 116 ..................................................................................................................................Spooling on Pennants 120 .....................................................................................................................................Decking the Anchor 121 ....................................................................................The Reasons for Back-up Anchors or Piggy Backs 121 ....................................................................................................................Recovering a Back-up Anchor. 123 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion 124 ...........................................................................................................CHAPTER 6 – MOVING JACK-UPS 125 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 125 ....................................................................................................................................................On the Rig 126 .....................................................................................How Jack-up Moves Differ from Semi-Sub Moves 127 ..................................................................................................................Field Moves to Small Platforms 129 .......................................................................................................................................Recovering a Buoy 133 ....................................................................................................Precautions in Extremely Shallow Water 133 ..........................................................................................................Moving Other Types of Gulf Jack-up 134 ..................................................................................................................................North Sea Techniques 134 ...................................................................................................Positioning the Rig Alongside a Platform 136 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion 140 PAGE 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................CHAPTER 7 - MORE ANCHOR HANDLING ACTIVITIES 141 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 141 .....................................................................................................................High Holding Power Anchors 141 ........................................................................................................................Aspects of Deep Water Work 142 ....................................................................................................................................Working with Chain 144 ..............................................................................................................................Pulling the Anchors Out 145 ......................................................................................................Load Sharing for Deep Water Mooring 146 ...................................................................................Preparing Ships For Deep Water Buoyage Systems 148 ...............................................................................................Recovering Buoyed Anchors in Deep Water 149 ................................................................................................................................The Use of the J-Hook. 151 ............................................................................................................J-Hooking - Overcoming Problems 154 ................................................................................................................................Chasing a Piggy-back. 154 ......................................................................................................................................Use of the Grapnel 155 ................................................................................................................................Removing Loose Turns 156 ..............................................................................................................................Changing Anchor Wires 157 .....................................................................................................Laying Anchors Over Subsea Obstacles 158 ...................................................................................................................................Permanent Moorings 159 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion 162 ................................................................................................................................CHAPTER 8 - TOWING 163 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 163 ..................................................................................................................................Preparing for Towing 164 ................................................................................................Connecting the Tow on Semi-Submersibles 165 ...................................................................................................................................................Fuse Links 166 ......................................................................................................................................The Towing Spring. 167 ........................................................................................................................................The Initial Stages 169 ..................................................................................................The Use of High Power Anchor Handlers. 170 ............................................................................................................................Selection of the Lead Tug 171 .........................................................................................................................................Towing Jack-ups. 173 ...........................................................................................................................Maintaining the Tow Wire 176 ..................................................................................................................Wire Protection During the Tow 177 ............................................................................................................................................Towing Routine 178 .................................................................................................................................Slowing the Rig Down 179 .............................................................................................................................................Towing Barges 180 ....................................................................................................................Supporting Heavy Lift Barges. 181 ............................................................................................................................................Changing Tows 182 ........................................................................................................................................................Salvage 182 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion 183 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 6 ...................................................................................................................CHAPTER 9 – EMERGENCIES 185 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 185 .......................................................................................................Emergencies on Offshore Installations. 185 ..........................................................................................................Evacuation of Offshore Installations. 188 ..................................................................................................................The Task for the Standby Vessel 191 .......................................................................................................The Results of the PFEER Regulations 192 ...............................................................................................................................Using the Dacon Scoop 193 .....................................................................................................................Demonstrating the Capability 196 ...............................................................................................................................Who Should be Driving 197 ......................................................................................................................................The State of the Art 197 ..............................................................................................The Effect of Immersion on Men Overboard. 198 ....................................................................................................................Survivors on Board the Vessel. 199 ...........................................................................................................................Working with Helicopters. 199 ......................................................................................................................................Search and Rescue. 201 .......................................................................................................................SAR Radio Communications. 201 .........................................................................................................Own Ship Problems - Heavy Weather 202 .............................................................................................................................................Shifting Cargo 203 ..............................................................................................................................Loss of Bridge Windows 203 ........................................................................................................................................Emergency Drills. 204 ..................................................................................................................................Medical Emergencies 205 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion. 205 ........................................................................................................CHAPTER 10 – SOME OPERATIONS 207 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 207 ..............................................................................The Venture 1, The Smit-Lloyd 108 and the Oil Driller 207 ....................................................................................................Recovery of the Benreoch Anchor Chain 214 .................................................................................................The Sovereign Explorer Atlantic Rig Move 218 .........................................................................The Move of the Rowan Gorilla V from Elgin to Franklin 222 .......................................................................................CHAPTER 11 – INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS 227 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 227 ........................................................................................................The Loss of the Hector Gannet - 1968 227 ............................................................................................................The Loss of the Sedco Helen - 1970 229 ...................................................................................................The Sinking of the Ocean Express – 1976 231 ....................................................................................................The Sinking of the Ocean Ranger - 1982 235 ..........................................................................................................The Loss of the Key Biscayne - 1983 238 ................................................................................................................The Piper Alpha Disaster – 1988 240 ................................................................................................The Sinking of the Rowan Gorilla 1 - 1988 243 ................................................................................................The Foundering of the West Gamma - 1990 245 PAGE 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................The Loss of the Vulcan Service - 1990 247 ........................................................................................................The Highland Pioneer Incident - 2001 247 ..........................................................................................................The Loss of the Stevns Power - 2003 249 ...................................................................................................The Loss of the Bourbon Dolphin – 2007 252 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion 264 .................................................................................CHAPTER 12 – THE MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY 265 .................................................................................................................................................Introduction 265 ............................................................................................................................................Safety Statistics 266 ...........................................................................................................................................Safety Guidance 267 .........................................................................................................................................Risk Assessments 268 ........................................................................................................................Risk Assessment Techniques 269 ...........................................................................................................................................Permits to Work 272 ................................................................................................................Behaviour Based Safety Schemes 272 ................................................................................................................................When is it Safe to Work 273 .......................................................................................................................................Quality Assurance 274 ..........................................................................................................................Responsibility for the Ship 275 ..................................................................................................................................................Conclusion 276 ................................................................................................................................GLOSSARY OF TERMS 277 ............................................................................................................................................................INDEX 283 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 8