©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Oil Companies International Marine Forum The OCIMF mission is to be the foremost authority on the safe and environmentally responsible operation of oil tankers, terminals and offshore support vessels, promoting continuous improvement in standards of design and operation. Marine Terminal Operator Competence and Training Guide First Edition - 2013 ii ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Issued by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum 29 Queen Anne’s Gate London SW1H 9BU United Kingdom First Published 2013 Book ISBN: 978-1-85609-576-1 eBook ISBN: 978-1-85609-577-8 © Oil Companies International Marine Forum, Bermuda British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) is a voluntary association of oil companies having an interest in the shipment and terminalling of crude oil and oil products. OCIMF is organised to represent its membership before, and to consult with, the International Maritime Organization and other governmental bodies on matters relating to the shipment and terminalling of crude oil and oil products, including marine pollution and safety. Terms of Use The advice and information given in ‘Marine Terminal Operator Competence and Training Guide’ (the Guide) is intended to be used at the user’s own risk. Acceptance or otherwise of recommendations and/or guidance in this Guide is entirely voluntary. The use of the terms ‘will’, ‘shall’, ‘must’ and other similar such words is for convenience only, and nothing in this Guide is intended or should be construed as establishing standards or requirements. No warranties or representations are given nor is any duty of care or responsibility accepted by the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), the membership or employees of OCIMF or by any person, firm, corporation or organisation (who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation or any translation, publishing, supply or sale of the Guide) for the accuracy of any information or advice given in the Guide or any omission from the Guide or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with, adoption of or reliance on guidance contained in the Guide even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care on the part of any of the aforementioned parties. Witherby Seamanship International is a division of Witherby Publishing Group Ltd Published in 2013 by Witherby Publishing Group Ltd 4 Dunlop Square Livingston, Edinburgh, EH54 8SB Scotland, UK Tel No: +44(0)1506 463 227 Fax No: +44(0)1506 468 999 Email: info@emailws.com www.witherbys.com Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow iii ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Contents Glossary v Abbreviations vi Section 1 Purpose and Scope 1 Section 2 Introduction 5 2.1 Use of this Guide 7 2.2 The Competence Framework 7 2.3 Competence Element Templates 8 Section 3 Implementation Guidance 9 3.1 General 11 3.2 Staff Levels and Competencies 11 3.3 Customising the Guide 11 Section 4 Training Guidance 13 4.1 General 15 4.2 Determining Training Needs 15 4.3 Options for Training Delivery 15 4.4 Selection and Competence of Trainers 16 4.5 Record Keeping 16 Section 5 Verification of Effectiveness of Training 17 5.1 General 19 5.2 Methods for Assessing Competence 19 5.2.1 Observation 19 5.2.2 Questioning 19 5.2.3 Written Test 20 5.2.4 Oral Test 20 5.3 Selection and Competence of Assessors 21 5.4 The Role of Verifiers 21 Appendices 23 A The Competence Framework 25 A.1 Overview of the Competence Framework 25 A.2 Index of Key Functions, Units and Elements 26 B Competence Element Templates 34 Key Function 1: Introduction to Terminal 34 Key Function 2: Terminal HSE Management 53 iv Marine Terminal Operator Competence and Training Guide ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Key Function 3: Security Management 60 Key Function 4: Hazards of Products 63 Key Function 5: Introduction to Vessels 69 Key Function 6: Pre-Arrival Planning and Preparation 85 Key Function 7: Arrival 91 Key Function 8: Transfer 108 Key Function 9: Post-Transfer 117 Key Function 10: Emergency Response 122 C Sources of Further Information 126 v ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Glossary Within this guide, the terms below have the following meanings: Assessor An individual appointed to assess the competence of marine terminal staff. Awareness An individual has a good understanding of what is involved in the scope of an Element (see Section 3.2). Candidate A marine terminal staff member subject to training and/or assessment. May also be referred to as a ‘learner’ or ‘trainee’. Competence A specific skill, knowledge or ability that is specified to perform a role to a specified proficiency. Competence Level One of three levels of proficiency described as either ‘Awareness’, ‘Knowledge’ or ‘Skill’. Element The smallest practicable parcel of work for which a competence can be assessed. A total of 92 Elements are defined in this publication. Key Function A general area of activity relating to operation of a marine terminal. Ten Key Functions have been identified in the functional analysis contained in this Guide. Knowledge An individual is able to interpret and evaluate information and advice on the scope and application of an Element’s content (see Section 3.2). Marine Terminal Manager The person, or management team, having overall responsibility for the safe and efficient operation of a marine terminal. Marine Terminal (or Terminal) For the purposes of this publication, a marine terminal is defined as a place where vessels are berthed or moored for loading or discharging cargoes that include crude oil and products, chemicals and liquefied gases. Observation A method of assessing the practical competence of a Candidate. Operator A terminal staff member, who reports to the Supervisor, and has responsibilities associated with the safe management of the ship/shore interface. May also be termed, for example, ‘jetty man’ or ‘berth operator’. Oral Test A method of assessing the knowledge of a Candidate. Questioning A procedure, generally used in conjunction with Observation, to assess the practical competence of a Candidate. Skill An individual is able to carry out consistently the activities addressed by an Element to a required standard (see Section 3.2). Staff Level The grade of marine terminal staff for which a particular competence is appropriate. In this Guide, two staff levels are considered, ‘Supervisor’ and ‘Operator’. Supervisor A terminal staff member having responsibility for the safe management of the ship/shore interface. May also be termed, for example, ‘loading master’, ‘shore officer’ or ‘responsible person’. Training Need A person’s requirement for training in order to be able to do a particular task. In the context of these Guidelines, a person has a need for training if training is the preferred way of enabling that person to become competent in carrying out an Element designated as appropriate to the staff Level concerned. As marine terminal operations can be complex and staff abilities vary, it is unlikely that all marine terminal staff will have exactly the same set of training needs. Unit A group of Elements relating to a defined area of activity. A total of 32 Units have been defined in the Functional Analysis and included in the Competence Framework. Vessel Any vessel, including barges, that is designed to carry oil, liquefied gases or chemicals in bulk. Verifier An individual appointed to ensure that the Assessor has completed his tasks as far as is necessary to assure the appropriate level of competence of marine terminal staff. Written Test A method of assessing the knowledge of a Candidate. vi ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Abbreviations Within this guide, the following abbreviations are used: ATB Articulated Tug and Barge BCM Bow to Centre Manifold (distance) CCNR Central Commission for Navigation of the Rhine CDI Chemical Distribution Institute COW Crude Oil Washing CTMS Custody Transfer Measurement System DOI Declaration of Inspection (USCG) DWT Deadweight EDP Early Departure Procedure ERS Emergency Release System ESD Emergency Shut-Down ETA Estimated Time of Arrival ETOP Emergency Towing-Off Pennant GOV Gross Observed Volume HMPE High Modulus Polyethylene HSE Health, Safety and Environment HSSE Health, Safety, Security and Environment H2S Hydrogen Sulphide ICS International Chamber of Shipping IG Inert Gas IMO International Maritime Organization ISGINTT International Safety Guide for Inland Navigation Tank-barges and Terminals ISGOTT International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals ISPS(Code) International Ship and Port Facility Security Code ITB Integrated Tug and Barge KPI Key Performance Indicator LFL Lower Flammable Limit LGHP Liquefied Gas Handling Principles LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LOA Length Overall LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LSA Life Saving Appliances MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MBL Minimum Breaking Load MBM Multi-Buoy Mooring MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet NOx Nitrogen Oxide OBQ On-Board Quantity OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum PEL Permissible Exposure Limit PERC Powered Emergency Release Coupling PFSO Port Facility Security Officer PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPM Parts per Million P/V Pressure/Vacuum QC/DC Quick Connect/Disconnect vii ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 Abbreviations QRH Quick Release Hook ROB (quantity) Remaining on Board SBM Single Buoy Mooring SBT Segregated Ballast Tank SCM Stern to Centre Manifold (distance) SIGTTO Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators SOx Sulphur Oxide SPM Single Point Mooring SSO Shipboard Security Officer STEL Short Term Exposure Limit STS Ship to Ship SWL Safe Working Load TLV Threshold Limit Value TOV Total Observed Volume TWA Time Weighted Average UFL Upper Flammable Limit UKC Under Keel Clearance VECS Vapour Emission Control System VEF Vessel Experience Factor 19 Section 5 Verification of Effectiveness of Training ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 5.1 General The recommended methods for assessing the effectiveness of training and assessing the competence of individuals to safely and reliably undertake tasks related to each Element are indicated in the Templates under ‘Methods for Assessing Competence’. A number of options are described in the Sections that follow. The aim of the assessment process should be to ensure that people are deemed ‘competent’ if they can safely and reliably meet the stated objectives of the Element to the appropriate Competence Level (i.e. A, K or S). 5.2 Methods for Assessing Competence 5.2.1 Observation Observing candidates while they undertake an activity is an effective method of assessing their ability to complete a task safely and reliably. ‘Observation’ as an assessment method may include: • Watching a candidate actually undertaking a task • noting the effectiveness of the candidate’s activity • reviewing information that the candidate collects • studying any notes, plans and records produced by the candidate • assessing the likelihood of the candidate being able to repeat the process without error in the future. Observation may appear to be a simple and flexible method for demonstrating competence. However, for many Elements, it may be difficult to set up a task that will embrace the full scope of the Element and it may take considerable time to complete. Delays in completing an ‘observation’ assessment may be incurred due to factors such as the time required for the range of vessels and transfer operations to be available. Observation also places considerable demands on the assessor. The candidate should be allowed to come close enough to taking incorrect actions or making omissions, but must not be allowed to prejudice the safety of the activity. This requires a considerable degree of attention by the assessor and the ability to judge when it is necessary to intervene. Each assessment exercise should be carefully prepared by the assessor to ensure that the candidate has the opportunity to demonstrate the required skills and knowledge without subjecting personnel or equipment to risk. The assessor should take notes to record details of the candidate’s activities. These notes should provide a basis for de-briefing and, if appropriate, to identify areas where improvements are required. 5.2.2 Questioning Questioning, as opposed to oral testing (see Section 5.2.4) is generally used to supplement observation assessments. In a questioning assessment, the assessor asks a structured series of questions, while the candidate is undertaking an observed task, in order to understand the degree to which the candidate: • Understands the activity • appreciates why it is being done • understands any hazards associated with the task • knows what should be done if something were to disrupt the normal execution of the task. The questioning should not be so intense as to risk distracting the candidate from safely undertaking the task. Where necessary, additional questions should be posed on completion of the task. Questioning may also be used by itself to assess the competence of a candidate when there is not an opportunity to observe them actually undertaking the task described in an Element. In such a circumstance, 20 Marine Terminal Operator Competence and Training Guide ©Copyright OCIMF 2013 the candidate should talk the assessor through the task at the location in which the task would normally be carried out. The candidate would be expected to describe every facet of the task and answer the assessor’s questions relating to the process. Whether questioning is used to supplement observation or by itself, the questions should be structured and written down in advance so that the assessor can readily and accurately record the candidate’s responses. These, and responses to any additional questions formulated on the spot in response to the evolving situation, should be retained for reference during the assessment de-briefing and as part of the permanent record of the assessment exercise. 5.2.3 Written Test A written test is the easiest form of assessment to control and evaluate. It provides an excellent, basis for feedback to the candidate. In addition, quality control can be readily exercised over written tests and a number of candidates can be assessed at the same time. Written tests may be undertaken through electronic means or question paper. As with all forms of assessment, written tests do have some potential drawbacks, including: • While a written test is useful in determining a candidate’s understanding of a task or ability to analyse/ transfer information, it cannot be used to assess the level of skill involved in actually carrying out most physical tasks • many assessors do not like setting written questions and may find the activity onerous and be tempted to: -re-use questions too frequently, enabling candidates to ‘question spot’ and narrow the focus of their preparations accordingly -keep questions for too long without updating them in line with developments in the terminal’s procedures, equipment or operational conditions. Despite the above potential drawbacks, the positive advantages of written tests, in terms of quality assurance, clarity, objectivity and economy, make this form of assessment a potentially valuable method. It is recommended that assessors compile a ‘library’ of written questions and model answers. They should: • Make each question as specific as possible to the Element concerned • design questions so that there are no doubts as to what is being asked and so that each question can be answered concisely • prepare model answers or marking guides to assist in the objectivity of marking and to help confirm that each question can be answered fully and is appropriately balanced • keep a record of each time a question is asked in order to avoid its excessive use • review the question/answer library regularly and add to it and/or update questions/answers as appropriate to the changing circumstances • have each question and model answer checked by a knowledgeable colleague to ensure that it is clear, unambiguous, reasonable and can be answered within the allotted time • keep the question/answer library secure. Written tests should be organised well in advance to enable the necessary arrangements to be made. Tests should be properly invigilated and, on completion, promptly marked so that the candidate can be informed of the results in a reasonable time. 5.2.4 Oral Test An oral test is a verbal version of a written test. Oral tests can be useful in assessing the knowledge of candidates who are not used to writing or have difficulty in expressing exactly what they mean on paper. A good assessor can make the necessary allowances and judge what the individual really knows. This, added to the candidate’s practical demonstration of skill on the job, should enable the assessor to form a reasonably accurate opinion of the candidate’s overall competence to reliably undertake the task in future. It is important that the assessor prepares fully for an oral test by writing a fully developed set of questions with key points that the candidate’s answers should cover. Care should be taken to relate all the questions only to the Element for which the candidate is being assessed. 22 Marine Terminal Operator Competence and Training Guide ©Copyright OCIMF 2013