This publication provides detailed guidance on the inspection of weather deck openings. The second edition has a revised layout and minor updates, but the core clauses remain the same. Imagery has been included to illustrate practical application of clauses. The book also includes checklists that show the extent of information to be provided in survey reports.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The need for pre-shipment surveys
1.2 Problems with implementation
1.3 The purpose of this guide

Chapter 2 Appointing a Surveyor
2.1 Allowing sufficient time
2.2 Give clear terms of reference

Chapter 3 Describing Surface Condition of Steel Cargo
3.1 Surface condition clauses
3.2 Examples of applying surface condition clauses

Chapter 4 Describing Mechanical Damage to Steel Cargo
4.1 Mechanical damage clauses
4.2 Examples of applying mechanical damage clauses

Chapter 5 Inspecting Weather Deck Openings
5.1 Allow time for proper repairs
5.2 Check all components of all openings
5.3 Carry out weathertightness tests

Most steel products rust and bend easily, particularly when carried at sea. Shipowners and operators – and ultimately their P&l insurers – are therefore usually first in the firing line when bent and rusty steel arrives at its destination.

As a result, shipowners, carriers, operators and P&l Clubs now regularly commission independent pre-shipment surveys of steel cargoes to ensure that bills of lading and/or mates’ receipts accurately describe the apparent order and condition of the cargo when it was taken on board the ship. As a further precaution against rust claims, surveyors are now asked to look at the weathertightness and ventilation of the holds in which steel cargo is carried.

The primary objective in producing this guide is to ensure correct and consistent usage of the P&I Club clauses, therefore enfranchising them with the status of an international standard method for describing steel cargoes.

Guidance is also provided on the conduct of weather deck opening surveys, which should form an integral part of every prudent pre-shipment survey. This includes details of the items that should be checked and a review of the advantages and disadvantages of the main types of weathertightness test.

Checklists are included in Appendices 1 and 2 to show the extent of information that should be provided in reports. This is as much to foster a consistent and professional approach among the international surveying community – which is increasingly exposed to negligence claims – as it is to eliminate misunderstandings between the world’s ports with regard to the clausing of shipping documents.

North P&I Club

North is a leading global marine insurer with over 160 years of history in the industry. Our purpose today remains as it was on our inception in 1860; to enable our Members to trade with confidence.

Over the years our service offering and our global office network has grown but our business has remained grounded where it all began; the North East of England. With a global service built around you and your business, expect a warm and friendly welcome whenever or wherever you deal with us, from people who genuinely care about your business.

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