CAREFULLY TO CARRY CONSOLIDATED EDITION 2018 First edition published 2018 ISBN: 978-1-85609-737-6 © UK P&I Club, 2018 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Notice of Terms of Use All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. While the advice given in this book (Carefully to Carry – Consolidated Edition 2018) has been developed using the best information currently available, it is intended purely as guidance to be used at the user’s own risk. Witherby Publishing Group accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of any information or advice given in the document or any omission from the document or for any consequence whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with or adoption of guidance contained in the document even if caused by failure to exercise reasonable care. This publication has been prepared to deal with the subject of Carefully to Carry – Consolidated Edition 2018. This should not, however, be taken to mean that this publication deals comprehensively with all of the issues that will need to be addressed or even, where a particular issue is addressed, that this publication sets out the only definitive view for all situations. Published by Witherby Publishing Group Ltd 4 Dunlop Square Livingston, EH54 8SB Scotland, UK +44 (0)1506 463 227 info@witherbys.com witherbys.com Printed and bound by Trade Colour Printing, Penrith, UK Foreword iii Foreword I wholeheartedly welcome UK P&I Club’s Carefully to Carry Consolidated Edition 2018. When it comes to initiatives aimed at ensuring the safety of mariners, as well as the integrity of cargo, the shipping industry is without doubt or reservation ready to embrace them – even more so when, as this publication does, practical and valuable guidance are offered. Most importantly, this publication provides a comprehensive and up-to-date companion to the people most concerned and at the centre of our attention, the seafarers. By encouraging best practice around the handling and storage of potentially dangerous cargo, this book will hopefully assist in reducing the number of tragic injuries and accidents that unfortunately continue to occur. Crew members who familiarise themselves with this guide and its recommendations can significantly reduce the possibility of cargo incurring any damage, with all the resulting costs that this can bring. I cannot overstate the importance of the safe carriage of cargoes for the shipping industry and of course as my Association’s top priority – see for example cargo liquefaction. While safety is the primary objective and loss prevention continues to be an ongoing concern for shipping, this book also touches upon a variety of issues, as vessels, cargoes and regulation become increasingly complex. In this context, the UK P&I Club has updated its Carefully to Carry publication to highlight the most current thinking in the industry. Best practices, checklists, key points and considerations, and clear messages supported by photos and illustrations are some of the features of this manual that not only educate but also enhance the reader’s existing knowledge. For example, it supplements insightfully the IMSBC Code, the IGC Code, and the BLU Code, among others, as well as complementary practical publications that should be read in conjunction with it, such as the recent Carrying Solid Bulk Cargoes Safely booklet. Carefully to Carry is of course not limited to dry bulk cargoes, but also covers liquid bulk cargoes, gases, packaged cargoes and a long list of other cargoes. In fact, it encapsulates the full range of potential issues around transporting bulk cargoes, from the characteristics and risks inherent in specific goods, hold preparation and hatch covers, to best practice when loading and unloading and the regulations that shippers must abide by. I congratulate the UK P&I Club for publishing in cooperation with Witherby Publishing Group this valuable guide. Dr Kostas G Gkonis Secretary General of Intercargo Contents v CONTENTS Foreword .................................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................ix PART 1 Grain .........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Preparation, Survey and Load .............................................................3 Chapter 2 The Separation of Products in the Holds of Bulk Carriers .........23 Chapter 3 Moisture Migration and Surface Ventilation ...................................25 Chapter 4 Cargo Measurement ............................................................................43 Chapter 5 The Carriage of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops ......................47 Chapter 6 Karnal Bunt ............................................................................................57 PART 2 Ores and Minerals ..............................................................................................61 Chapter 7 Coal Cargoes ........................................................................................63 Chapter 8 Bitumen – Natural and Rock .............................................................71 Chapter 9 Mineral Ore Concentrates and other Materials that may Liquefy ............................................................................................75 Chapter 10 Sulphur Cargoes ..................................................................................79 Chapter 11 Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) .................................................................85 PART 3 Steel and Other Metals .....................................................................................91 Chapter 12 Steel ........................................................................................................93 Chapter 13 Scrap Metal ........................................................................................115 PART 4 Timber and Forestry Products ......................................................................121 Chapter 14 Timber Deck Cargoes ......................................................................123 Chapter 15 Forestry Products ..............................................................................135 PART 5 Measurement Using Draught Surveys ........................................................149 Chapter 16 Draught Surveys ................................................................................151 PART 6 Bulk Cargoes – Liquid .....................................................................................173 Chapter 17 Bulk Oil Cargoes – Shortage and Contamination Claims........175 Chapter 18 Samples and Sampling in the Carriage of Liquid Bulk Cargoes ...............................................................................................195 Chapter 19 Flashpoint Contaminations of Diesel Oil and Gas Oil ..............205 Carefully to Carry Consolidated Edition 2018 vi Chapter 20 Liquid Natural Oils, Fats and Fatty Products ..............................209 Chapter 21 Biofuels: Marine Transport, Handling and Storage Issues ......215 PART 7 The Carriage of Gas .........................................................................................227 Chapter 22 Liquefied Gases ................................................................................229 Chapter 23 Liquefied Natural Gas ......................................................................241 PART 8 Packaged Cargoes, Including Bags, Drums and Flexitanks .................257 Chapter 24 Refined (Crystal) Sugar ...................................................................259 Chapter 25 Potatoes ..............................................................................................263 Chapter 26 Cocoa ...................................................................................................273 Chapter 27 Coffee ...................................................................................................279 Chapter 28 Bagged Rice ......................................................................................283 Chapter 29 Agricultural Products in Non-refrigerated Containers ...............297 Chapter 30 Calcium Hypochlorite .......................................................................303 Chapter 31 Thiourea Dioxide ................................................................................307 Chapter 32 Expandable Polymeric Beads .........................................................309 Chapter 33 Flexitanks .............................................................................................313 PART 9 Refrigerated and Controlled Atmosphere Cargoes ................................325 Chapter 34 Refrigerated Container and Controlled Atmosphere Cargoes ...............................................................................................327 Chapter 35 Carriage Instructions for Refrigerated Cargoes .........................335 Chapter 36 Fresh Fruit and Vegetables .............................................................349 Chapter 37 Table Grapes ......................................................................................361 Chapter 38 Frozen Fish .........................................................................................363 Chapter 39 Meat and Meat Products in Containers .......................................381 Chapter 40 Pharmaceuticals in Temperature Controlled Containers .........385 PART 10 General Container Operations Including Waste Shipments ................391 Chapter 41 Stuffing, Stacking and Lashing Containers.................................393 Chapter 42 Container Top Safety ........................................................................425 Chapter 43 Container Crime ................................................................................429 Chapter 44 Waste Shipments in Freight Containers ......................................433 PART 11 Miscellaneous Cargoes ..................................................................................447 Chapter 45 Heavy-lift and Project Cargoes ......................................................449 Chapter 46 Agricultural Produce – Insect Infestation and Fumigation .......485 Contents vii Chapter 47 Fishmeal Cargoes – Self-Heating and Fires ...............................501 Chapter 48 Palletised Cargoes ............................................................................509 Chapter 49 Radioactive Cargoes ........................................................................513 Chapter 50 Radioactive Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) ....................................515 PART 12 Cargo Planning and Securing (Including Hatch Covers) .......................521 Chapter 51 Preparing Cargo Plans – Structural Limitations ........................523 Chapter 52 Cargo Pre-loading Surveys .............................................................531 Chapter 53 Stowage of Breakbulk Cargo (General Cargo) .........................535 Chapter 54 Lashing and Securing Deck Cargoes ..........................................543 Chapter 55 Steel Hatch Covers ...........................................................................571 References ...........................................................................................................................591 Acknowledgements ix Acknowledgements Danny Cornelissen/portpictures.nl Keith Couch of E L Johnson’s Sons & Mowat Ltd MacGregor-Navire Org Richard Minton, Minton Treharne & Davies Ltd Wavespec Ltd Carefully to Carry Consolidated Edition 2018 x 1 PART 1 Grain Chapter 1 ....................................................3 Preparation, Survey and Load Chapter 2 ..................................................23 The Separation of Products in the Holds of Bulk Carriers Chapter 3 ..................................................25 Moisture Migration and Surface Ventilation Chapter 4 ..................................................43 Cargo Measurement Chapter 5 ..................................................47 The Carriage of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops Chapter 6 ..................................................57 Karnal Bunt 3 Chapter 1 Preparation, Survey and Load Large claims have arisen when cargo holds have not been cleaned sufficiently to prevent cargo contamination. The requirements for cleaning the holds depend on the previous cargo carried, the next cargo to be carried, the charterers’ requirements, the requirements of shippers and/or the requirements of the authorities and receivers at the load port. 1.1 Hold Cleaning A toolbox talk, that includes all personnel who will be involved in the activity, should take place prior to the commencement of hold cleaning. During the talk, the hold cleaning schedule should be discussed, the equipment and chemicals to be used fully explained and the safety data sheets (SDSs) understood by all involved. The SDSs should be displayed on the notice boards. Basic safety routines should be established and the wearing of suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) throughout the hold cleaning must be of paramount importance. Mandatory PPE should include oilskins,