This essential guide to the safe carriage, loading and storage of cargo encapsulates the full range of potential issues and dangers around the transporting of bulk cargoes, from the characteristics and risks inherent in specific goods, hold preparation and hatch covers, to best practice when loading and unloading. Outlining and expanding on all major international cargo regulations and guidelines, it also includes detailed checklists, information on draught surveys and guides to preparing cargo plans.
Covering cargoes such as timber, gas, grain, steel and other metals, bulk goods and refrigerated goods, advice and best practices are supported by full colour illustrations and diagrams. Use of this book will assist in reducing both the possibility of expensive cargo damage and the number of tragic accidents and injuries that unfortunately continue to occur.
CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Acknowledgements ix
PART 1 Grain 1
Chapter 1 Preparation, Survey and Load 3
Chapter 2 The Separation of Products in the Holds of Bulk Carriers 23
Chapter 3 Moisture Migration and Surface Ventilation 25
Chapter 4 Cargo Measurement 43
Chapter 5 The Carriage of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops 47
Chapter 6 Karnal Bunt 57
PART 2 Ores and Minerals 61
Chapter 7 Coal Cargoes 63
Chapter 8 Bitumen – Natural and Rock 71
Chapter 9 Mineral Ore Concentrates and other Materials that
may Liquefy 75
Chapter 10 Sulphur Cargoes 79
Chapter 11 Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) 85
PART 3 Steel and Other Metals 91
Chapter 12 Carriage of Steel 93
Chapter 13 Scrap Metal 115
PART 4 Timber and Forestry Products 121
Chapter 14 Timber Deck Cargoes 123
Chapter 15 Carriage of Forestry Products 135
PART 5 Measurement Using Draught Surveys 149
Chapter 16 Draught Surveys 151
PART 6 Bulk Cargoes – Liquid 173
Chapter 17 Bulk Oil Cargoes – Shortage and Contamination Claims 175
Chapter 18 Samples and Sampling in the Carriage of Liquid Bulk Cargoes 195
Chapter 19 Flashpoint Contaminations of Diesel Oil and Gas Oil 205
Chapter 20 Liquid Natural Oils, Fats and Fatty Products 209
Chapter 21 Biofuels: Marine Transport, Handling and Storage Issues 215
PART 7 The Carriage of Gas 227
Chapter 22 Carriage of Liquefied Gases 229
Chapter 23 Liquefied Natural Gas 241
PART 8 Packaged Cargoes, Including Bags, Drums and Flexitanks 257
Chapter 24 Refined (Crystal) Sugar 259
Chapter 25 Carriage of Potatoes 263
Chapter 26 Carriage of Cocoa 273
Chapter 27 Coffee 279
Chapter 28 Carriage of Bagged Rice 283
Chapter 29 Agricultural Products in Non-refrigerated Containers 297
Chapter 30 Calcium Hypochlorite 303
Chapter 31 Thiourea Dioxide 307
Chapter 32 Expandable Polymeric Beads 309
Chapter 33 Flexitanks 313
PART 9 Refrigerated and Atmosphere Controlled Cargoes 325
Chapter 34 Refrigerated Container and Controlled Atmosphere Cargoes 327
Chapter 35 Carriage Instructions for Refrigerated Cargoes 335
Chapter 36 Fresh Fruit and Vegetables 349
Chapter 37 Table Grapes 361
Chapter 38 Frozen Fish 363
Chapter 39 Meat and Meat Products in Containers 381
Chapter 40 Pharmaceuticals in Temperature Controlled Containers 385
PART 10 General Container Operations Including Waste Shipments 391
Chapter 41 Stuffing, Stacking and Lashing Containers. 393
Chapter 42 Container Top Safety 427
Chapter 43 Container Crime 431
Chapter 44 Waste Shipments in Freight Containers 435
PART 11 Miscellaneous Cargoes 449
Chapter 45 Heavy-lift and Project Cargoes 451
Chapter 46 Agricultural Produce – Insect Infestation and Fumigation 487
Chapter 47 Fishmeal Cargoes – Self Heating and Fires 505
Chapter 48 Palletised Cargoes 513
Chapter 49 Radioactive Cargoes 517
Chapter 50 Radioactive Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) 519
PART 12 Cargo Planning and Securing (Including Hatch Covers) 525
Chapter 51 Preparing Cargo Plans – Structural Limitations 527
Chapter 52 Cargo Pre-loading Surveys 535
Chapter 53 Stowage of Breakbulk Cargo (General Cargo) 539
Chapter 54 Lashing and Securing Deck Cargoes 547
Chapter 55 Steel Hatch Covers 575
References